{"id":3044,"date":"2021-05-30T21:51:21","date_gmt":"2021-05-30T19:51:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncrlawyers.com\/zastita-poslovne-tajne-prema-novom-zakonu\/"},"modified":"2023-08-16T01:59:43","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T23:59:43","slug":"zastita-poslovne-tajne-prema-novom-zakonu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncrlawyers.com\/sr\/zastita-poslovne-tajne-prema-novom-zakonu\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u0161tita poslovne tajne prema novom Zakonu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dana 27. maja 2021. godine Narodna skup\u0161tine Republike Srbije usvojila je novi Zakon o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne (u daljem tekstu: Zakon<\/strong>) \u010dime je pravna regulativa u ovoj oblasti usagla\u0161ena sa propisima Evropske Unije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materija za\u0161tite poslovne tajne do sada bila je ure\u0111ena Zakonom o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne („Slu\u017ebeni glasnik RS“, broj 72\/11). Predmetni zakon donet je pre nego \u0161to je u Evropskoj Uniji usvojena Direktiva 2016\/943 koja je imala za cilj harmonizaciju propisa zemalja \u010dlanica Evropske Unije radi obezbe\u0111enja adekvatne pravne za\u0161tite od nezakonitog pribavljanja, kori\u0161\u0107enja ili otkrivanja poslovne tajne na tr\u017ei\u0161tu Evropske Unije. Samim tim, Srbija je usvajanjem novog Zakona o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne usaglasila svoje propise u oblasti za\u0161tite intelektualne svojine i poslovne tajne sa Direktivom 2016\/943 EU i na taj na\u010din istovremeno u ovom delu ispunila svoje obaveze koje je preuzela Sporazumom o stabilizaciji i pridru\u017eivanju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Razumno postavlja se pitanje koje su to najve\u0107e promene koje donosi novi Zakon o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne kao i da li postoje neke obaveze koje su privredni subjekti du\u017eni da preduzmu kako bi njihova poslovna tajna u\u017eivala pravnu za\u0161titu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ta predstavlja poslovnu tajnu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Najjednostavnije re\u010deno, pod poslovnom tajnom podrazumevaju se informacije privrednih subjekata koje nisu op\u0161te poznate i koje u\u017eivaju odre\u0111eni stepen za\u0161tite. Ideja je da se Zakonom da podstakne i pru\u017ei pravnu za\u0161titu investicijama privrednih subjekata u sticanje, razvoj i primenu znanja i iskustva. Tako, poslovnom tajnom se \u0161tite razli\u010dite vrste informacija, kao \u0161to su podaci o procesu proizvodnje, poslovni planovi, finansijski planovi, reklamne strategije, rezultati ispitivanja tr\u017ei\u0161ta, spiskovi dobavlja\u010da i klijenata, crte\u017ei, arhitektonski projekti, gra\u0111evinski nacrti, kreativne kreacije i sli\u010dno. Oblast za\u0161tite poslovne tajne ima sve zna\u010dajniju ulogu u savremenoj privredi i na\u010dinu poslovanja privrednih subjekata te je stoga dono\u0161enje novog Zakona koje prati razvoj savremenog poslovanja sasvim po\u017eeljno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Promena definicije poslovne tajne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ono \u0161to je jedna od najzna\u010dajnijih promena koje je Zakon doneo je ne\u0161to izmenjena definicija poslovne tajne. Pored toga \u0161to je potrebno da informacija koja pretenduje da u\u017eiva za\u0161titu poslovne tajna nije op\u0161te poznata odnosno dostupna tre\u0107im licima, da ima odre\u0111enu komercijalnu vrednost i da je kao takva za\u0161ti\u0107ena, novi Zakon vi\u0161e ne predvi\u0111a kao uslov da se iskori\u0161\u0107avanjem te tajne mo\u017ee ostvariti ekonomska korist i naneti \u0161teta imaocu poslovne tajne. Samim tim, na ovaj na\u010din, imaju\u0107i u vidu da definicija poslovne tajne obuhvata manji broj uslova, pru\u017ea se njena sveobuhvatnija za\u0161tita, iako se s druge strane mo\u017ee opravdano postavlja pitanje svrhe pravne za\u0161tite one informacije koja tre\u0107em licu ne bi donela nikakvu ekonomsku koristi ili ne bi imala nikakve \u0161tetne posledice za imaoca poslovne tajne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ograni\u010dena za\u0161tita poslovne tajne stranih lica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tako\u0111e novi Zakon predvi\u0111a i izmene u pogledu subjekata koja imaju pravo na za\u0161titu njihove poslovne tajne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

U tom pogledu, prethodni Zakon o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne nije pravo razliku u pogledu za\u0161tite poslovne tajne izme\u0111u stranog i doma\u0107eg lica. Me\u0111utim, novi Zakon. iako i dalje predvi\u0111a pravnu za\u0161titu poslovne tajne stranih privrednih subjekata, on to sada \u010dini samo pod uslovom da takva za\u0161tita proizilazi iz me\u0111unarodnih ugovora koji obavezuju Republiku Srbiju ili iz na\u010dela uzajamnosti koja se ne pretpostavlja, kao \u0161to je to slu\u010daj prilikom primene nekih drugih instituta, ve\u0107 je teret dokazivanja postojanja uzajamnosti u svakom konkretnom slu\u010daju pada na onu stranu koje se na njeno postojanje poziva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mere za\u0161tite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kao \u0161to smo ve\u0107 naveli, jedan od uslova da informacija u\u017eiva status poslovne tajne je da je takva informacija za\u0161ti\u0107ena od strane njenog imaoca. Prethodni Zakon o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne tako\u0111e je previ\u0111ao ovaj uslov, ali ga dalje nije dalje razra\u0111ivao ve\u0107 je ispunjenost ovog uslova ostavio na ocenu sudskoj praksi za svaki konkretni slu\u010daj, a imaju\u0107i u vidu procenu rizika od nezakonitog pribavljanja, kori\u0161\u0107enja ili iskori\u0161\u0107avanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me\u0111utim, sada novi Zakon sada da se pod za\u0161titom podrazumeva izme\u0111u ostalog izrada internog akta o rukovanju poslovnom tajnom i preciziranje kruga lica i njihova prava i obaveze prilikom rukovanja poslovnom tajnom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samim tim, da bi va\u0161a poslovna tajna u\u017eivala pravnu za\u0161titu, Zakon sugeri\u0161e da je neophodno da prethodno donesete op\u0161ti akt o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne kao i da preuzmete druge mere za\u0161tite kako bi onemogu\u0107ili tre\u0107im licima pristup poverljivim informacijama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0161tita poslovne tajne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zakon kao i u prethodnom slu\u010daju predvi\u0111a posebne odredbe u pogledu za\u0161tite poslovne tajne koja se mo\u017ee ostvariti kako u parni\u010dnom postupku tako i kaznenom postupku za privredne prestupe. Ono \u0161to predstavlja razliku u odnosnu na ranije re\u0161enje, jeste rok za pokretanje parni\u010dnog postupka koji je sada produ\u017een tako da iznosi godinu dana umesto ranijih \u0161est meseci od dana saznanja za povredu i u\u010dinioca odnosno 5 godina umesto prethodne 3 godine od u\u010dinjene povrede odnosno od dana poslednje u\u010dinjene povrede ukoliko se povreda vr\u0161ila kontinuirano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakonom su propisane i vrste tu\u017ebenih zahteva koji se mogu zahtevati. Naime, u skladu sa Direktivom EU propisano je da dr\u017ealac poslovne tajne u slu\u010daju povrede poslovne tajne mo\u017ee tu\u017ebom da zahteva: prestanak povrede, utvr\u0111ivanje povrede ili zabranu kori\u0161\u0107enja ili otkrivanja poslovne tajne, zabranu proizvodnje, nu\u0111enja, stavljanja u promet ili kori\u0161\u0107enja robe kojom je izvr\u0161ena povreda, odnosno zabranu uvoza, izvoza ili skladi\u0161tenja robe kojom je izvr\u0161ena povreda u svrhe proizvodnje, nu\u0111enja, stavljanja u promet ili kori\u0161\u0107enja robe, odre\u0111ivanje odgovaraju\u0107ih mera koje se odnose na robu kojom je izvr\u0161ena povreda, koje obuhvataju povla\u010denje robe s tr\u017ei\u0161ta, uklanjanje s takve robe svojstava koje je \u010dine robom kojom je izvr\u0161ena povreda poslovne tajne i uni\u0161tenje robe, kao i uni\u0161tenje ili predaju dokumenata, predmeta, materijala, supstance ili elektronskih dokumenata koji sadr\u017ee poslovnu tajnu ili koji sami po sebi predstavljaju poslovnu tajnu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aktivnu legitimaciju za podno\u0161enje tu\u017ebe imaju dr\u017ealac poslovne tajne i sticalac licence, ukoliko je za to ovla\u0161\u0107en na osnovu ugovora ili zakona. U pogledu naknade \u0161tete zanimljivo re\u0161enje je da sud predvi\u0111a podno\u0161enja tu\u017ebenog zahteva kako prema licu koje je znalo ili moralo znati da vr\u0161i povredu poslovne tajne tako i protiv lica koje je usled navedene povrede stekao neku korist s tim \u0161to se navedeni zahtevi me\u0111usobno ne isklju\u010duju. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pravno lice po prvi put sti\u010de pravo na naknadu nematerijalne \u0161tete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tako\u0111e, jedna od najzna\u010dajnijih novina je i da dr\u017ealac odnosno sticalac licence ima pravo na naknadu materijalne i nematerijalne \u0161tete ukoliko je lice koje je povredilo poslovnu tajnu znalo ili je moralo da zna da u\u010destvuje u nezakonitom pribavljanju, kori\u0161\u0107enju ili otkrivanju poslovne tajne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navedeno re\u0161enje unosi pravu malu revoluciju u dosada\u0161nju praksu sudova u pogledu naknade \u0161tete za pravna lica. Naime, prema op\u0161tem re\u017eimu naknade \u0161tete koji je propisan Zakonom o obligacionim odnosima i ustaljenoj sudskoj praksi, pravna lica do sada nisu imala prava na naknadu nematerijalne \u0161tete, s obzirom da kod nas nije prihva\u0107en op\u0161ti ve\u0107 limitiran broj eksplicitno propisanih slu\u010dajeva kada se mo\u017ee ostaviti pravo na nematerijalnu \u0161tetu kao i s obzirom na jednostrani stav privrednih sudova da pravno lice ne mo\u017ee trpeti fizi\u010dke i du\u0161evne bolove te stoga ne mo\u017ee ni trpeti nematerijalnu \u0161tetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostaje nam samo da sa\u010dekamo na koji na\u010din \u0107e sudovi obrazlagati povrede i naknadu nematerijalne \u0161tete za pravna lica, a koja nastane usled povrede poslovne tajne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodatno, ono \u0161to izaziva posebnu pa\u017enju je i to da novi Zakon po prvi put predvi\u0111a okolnosti koje je sud du\u017ean da uzme u obzir prilikom razmatranja tu\u017ebenog zahteva kao \u0161to su: vrednost i druge specifi\u010dne karakteristike poslovne tajne, mere preduzete radi za\u0161tite poslovne tajne, pona\u0161anje po\u010dinioca povrede prilikom pribavljanja, kori\u0161\u0107enja ili otkrivanja poslovne tajne, posledice nezakonitog kori\u0161\u0107enja ili otkrivanja poslovne tajne, legitimne interese stranaka i posledice koje bi usvajanje ili odbijanje tu\u017ebenih zahteva moglo da ima na njih, legitimne interese tre\u0107ih lica, javni interes i za\u0161titu osnovnih prava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samim tim, imaju\u0107i u vid da novi Zakon eksplicitno insistira da privredni subjekti kao meru za\u0161tite poslovne tajne njenu za\u0161titu urede op\u0161tim internim aktom kao i da je sud du\u017ean da prilikom procene osnovanosti tu\u017ebenog zahteva uzme u obzir mere koje su privredni subjekti preuzeli zarad njene za\u0161tite, smatramo da bi privredni subjekti u narednom periodu trebalo da preuzmu neophodne korake ka dono\u0161enju op\u0161teg akta o zaptiti poslovne tajne kao i da preduzmu druge mere kako bi osigurali ne samo fakti\u010dku ve\u0107 i pravnu za\u0161titu svojih informacija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovaj \u010dlanak je isklju\u010divo informativne prirode i ne predstavlja pravni savet. Ukoliko su Vam potrebne dodatne informacije u vezi sa predmetnom temom ili pomo\u0107 u pogledu izrade op\u0161teg akta ili preuzimanju dugih mera u cilju za\u0161tite poslovne tajne, budite slobodni da nas kontaktirate putem imejla <\/em>office@ncrlawyers.com<\/em><\/a> ili putem telefona +381677049551. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dana 27. maja 2021. godine Narodna skup\u0161tine Republike Srbije usvojila je novi Zakon o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne (u daljem tekstu: Zakon) \u010dime je pravna regulativa u ovoj oblasti usagla\u0161ena sa propisima Evropske Unije. Materija za\u0161tite poslovne tajne do sada bila je ure\u0111ena Zakonom o za\u0161titi poslovne tajne („Slu\u017ebeni glasnik RS“, broj 72\/11). Predmetni zakon donet 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